и~R
и~R1
иx߷~R
һиxһN}Ŀ~R}~R}@ӵһN}JR@~Ϳ϶ܺܿ㲻JR@~ǽ(jng)^ӌƔM˺ܶrg߀õe`ĽY(ji)fQ~R}JR@~ô~R}иxожҪ?ռ25%ϵıOGfÿƪx}3-6~}(ÿƪиxֻ13}ѽ)Ҋ~R}Ҫ--ֻҪ~R}QpиxеһK֔(sh)߀}(ji)ʡˌFĕrgиx~R}п~Rʲôy?6~RҲyһЩԞ˱UҊ~ˮƽҪ_6ϣ@ӾͿxІ~}ķ֔(sh)ÝM
ڶxٶȵĆ}ЇиxһϵKڕrgxµٶ̫fJR~ܿx£f~̫СxٶȱȻۿ!
и~RҪI(y)ƫ
һиx~RƫڌI(y)|(zh)ԭ@ӣиԇǞ˿ӢZˮƽܷCڴW(xu)W(xu)(x)I(y)֪R˿ă(ni)ƫ،W(xu)g(sh)ķģxҲĴW(xu)nĺ׃(ni)xȡڱ~ĕr?q)ڌW(xu)g(sh)~Roһ̶ȵҕǺġ
ڶиxČI(y)~Ry@cҲǺȻģиһTӢZˮƽԇֲnjI(y)ԇy^ČI(y)~Rxд_F(xin)ǿ.(ni)ݣ˼Ժز³
eӣIt should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals@OGx}еһԭ䡣@Ԓеcetaceanһ^I(y)o豳Ć~ֻҪJRwhalesdolphinsmammals֪cetaceanˮ()Dz@ஔ(dng)֪cetacean˼Ҫӛmammalwhaledolphin@N^õČI(y)~Rcetacean@NƧͣѾڱ@NDĆ~Ǻֵܲõ
и~R2
~ֻӛι˲dzɹӛס~?
һr C
ӛи~ҪvrCҪxƽoXos@NѕrCӛR˯ǰ(ji)յrgҪӛҲҪoԭt
ӛıCenjЩxֿڼLĆ~Ҫųηyw
~ӛܶT磺wӛDӛYxӛӛ^ӛѭh(hun)ӛӛҎ(gu)ӛEӛӛVӛȤζӛƬӛsӛȵȡһҪҵmԼһɷNӛҊ˼w
ġĿ
ĿĵӛסĆ~hȟowĿӛסĆ~zʵc̽ӑij}rЎׂP(gun)I~һӛס
塢^
ӛ~rҪρäĿƴӛÎ犕rgм^ԓ~ĽY(ji)(gu)ҳc@ϿƺMrgHόӛ~Ў
(f)
(f)ӛ֮ĸκMƌW(xu).~ӛԶη(f)ӛA(ch)
@ȻXJrtgrӛ~ЧҪúܶࡣ̼ķܶʹdӵ¶Чش̼X
ˡ
̌W(xu)ֱ^̌W(xu)٬F(xin)w˷ȫ~ӛ
š(lin)
(lin)چ~ӛ@ǺoɆ
ʮr g
XǺƣڵģи~RӛĕrgW(xu)ÿһСrԃ(ni)ЌW(xu)gСһ㲻Ҫ^40
и~R3
ôиx~R}иxожҪռ25%ϵıġOGfÿƪx}36~}ÿƪиxֻ13}ѽҊ~R}ҪԡֻҪ~R}QpиxеһK֔(sh)߀}(ji)ʡˌFĕrg
иx~R}п~Rʲôy6~RҲyһЩԞ˱UҊ~ˮƽҪ_6@ӾͿxІ~}'֔(sh)ÝM
Їиx俼һϵKڕrgãxµٶ̫fJR~ܿxf~̫СxٶȱȻۿиx~R}ՌxٶҲǷdz
и~R4
һҕxиԇ˼ԇһӣʽӢZŽ(jng)^ƽrӰѬգҲһЩx^ҊϵϵK纆εwheel@~İl(f)һwh҂l(f)[w]Ӣаl(f)[hw]rԺεwhatwhywhite~xl(f)׃ҪJRnjxfӛסl(f)Ҏ(gu)t]P(gun)IҪW(xu)`҂ڿ~ĕr뵽mõʲôҎ(gu)t@}rԱ(x)T Nl(f)(x)TǿҎ(gu)tȥ
˿~x(dng)ȻҪҕ@HP(gun)ϵ~߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_͕h~r(yng)ԓM ʽϤ~Rγ XHHҕXϵУ@ӵԒ ~rͲҪȥ(yng)~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵˣ@ڃ(ni)ݷиԇfǷdzҪ
һ~Rdz࣬ʽҲ^ܶϵȫI˺ܶs]κһ@oһNMĸе~R߀Ǹ(j)W(xu)Zx~R(ni)ݿoģֻҪXmԼľظL(fng)ܰһJ桰(yng)ԇbbI˺ܶs]J挦κһ߀粻I
ҕƴmȻ ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕrgM˼~ϣߌŰl(f)F(xin)Լֻܶˆ~IJ֣벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰˡ
ӛ~ƴĕr߀ҪY(ji)x(j)(ji)ӛ~ц~ֳһСһС֡@ӲHʹӛι߀˽ĸͬMϵ'l(f)(x)T(dng)ԇr~ͿԸ(j)xӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿF(xin)ĕrҵ(yng)Ϣˡ
ҕ(x)Zи ԇн(jng)F(xin)һЩҊ(x)ZٵZӰ푴ҵ˿ƽr˱ĸlW(xu)~R߀(x)Zķeۡ@Щ~Ӱ푿
Č`зeۆμ~RȫQ~}~ڲͬZкx׃xҲЏкз} 迴ҕӰr Л](jng)W(xu)^^Ć~мJһԼČ(zhn)(jng)еĆ~Ҫe^(f)sČI(y)~Rһ@Щ~F(xin)rжxͬx~x~гF(xin)ʽVҺxЕrҲӰw}rP(gun)עһǷ@Nra(chn)e۽Q~xĽ(jng)
и~R5
и~Rdzɹ俼иԇA(ch)]ˆ~@A(ch) ZxoMУӢZČW(xu)(x)и~Rǽ^ɺԵҪ֮(w)
(zhn)俼ии~RҪ7000-8000Ҫϵ~R˸XxµyȺyȲ࣬Ҫdz}ʽͬ⌦xٶҲһҪиF(xin)Ҫ Z͌жкܶ (ni)
yһҪƪlecture 漰I(y)~R^yһЩc(zhn)䣬 ^ӛPӛҲǺҪ`fZԼȥQ^낀W(xu)ڣԞZ(yng)ԓɆ}ĕr߀ǺܳҪԭǿZҪں̵ܶĕrgCϿĺ IJσ(ni)M^ЗlĻش@ܿZԽM͑(yng)hҪc_ʼ(x)
һƪСҲҪxҪ ڶƪǏ}һһӳc(zhn)OKfиĿԇL(fng)҂߀пӢZܴһҪȥܛ}һ²֪ԼҪЩlongmankaplan߀barrone
иԇ~ôk
ȣҪW(xu)ЕrҵӢώS҂xr(dng)Ȼ@ĵƽr}rҪҊJRĆ~ͷֵԼĆ~~JRõ呟CеP(gun)Iǻڵ~ֻҪľZ~ДǰHҲ͉и¶ǽY(ji)(gu)(yn)֔ͻÿһԒ@oՓľ߀Z϶y(tng)һ@ʹ҂ײ
ڶʾZ~һf^Ҫľˏ{(dio)һЩ¶DZ~somewhat,quite,pretty,etc.ҪW(xu)@Щ~wĦߵDĶõİס⣬@Ĵ}rdzЎfxһڃ(ni)σcȡ֮̎Zȵȱ^Ė|ֻھһ쾚̶ȵr²ſ\硣ҽhrgxһЩաķĶԼ@µĸX_ʼ}ԺץסһЙCȥ呟ԼyXڿБ(yng)׃֮yһҊ~ץϹӰԺİl(f)]
и~R6
һһҪÿζر
ԼȄeԱ~e֮һԼQȄe١Ȼeÿ챳ʮ~ԼsԱһق֮һ߀ʣʮDŽeB(ti)µʮÿһقޡ䌍l(f)F(xin)@ҪһºȻȻؾͱٻ ~䌣I(y)~ӛ~~ڸиI(y)ͨtҪӛӛӛסP(gun)~M
ڶ͆~Ҋ
һ~ܲӛסȡQںڲͬҊlÿοĕrgLһӛסһ~ÿҪڲͬҊĴ档ǷһҊ鶼ǟo^P(gun)Iиͬ͵ҊC^(j)ҪĆ~ĵȼͬҊCķʽҲͬǧǧ@ȼ磺ӢZؿ~3500ǷdzõĆ~?gu)˱_˼Ҫһ~Rÿƪаٷ֮ʮ@Щ~R@Щ~Z(Q~)ǷָСoٷָ֮gҲ]ʲô֮̎Ė|@Щ~÷MдģgĿ (x)@܉?q)õĻA(ch)~Rεӛס
!
ǧһf@ȼʣµİٷ֮ʮ^@ȼ~Ҫ ӿă(ni)ݡͬҪ־xͷxɷN һҲǷxҪһЩxҪ̫LĿ£ҿ~Ҫ̫һƪЃJRľˡǧfҪһρͿӢZs־Сf~^Щ|yҿҲ~]ʲôMxҲҪ(x)ֻҪrgһֱȥ@һɞһ~Rţ
}Ŀб~
ܶǞ˱~~䌍õ`}Ŀ~Rӛƥģtpoܛx~߅}߅ӛ~R@ЩǸl~Retsl~RԺԇҲ(jng)Ҋ@NҲ
~ӢZW(xu)(x)ֻ֮Г˴ӢZ~R쾚ӢZ fxȻ~^ǺܿζģֻиDŬܵõ˵ijɿ
и~R7
apprehension n. (dn);
apprehensive adj. ֵ֑n](dn)ĵ
approach n. ; vt. ӽ;̽ӑ
appropriate adj. m(dng)?sh)ǡ?dng)?sh)?vt. ܿ
approve vt. (zhn);vi. ٝɣͬ
approval n. ٝʽ(zhn)
approximate v. ӽ;adj. sӋ
apt adj. ((x))ڵЃAڵ;ǡ(dng)?sh)Nе
aptitude n. ;ȻA
aquatic adj. ˮ`ˮˮлˮϵ
aquarium n. ˮ^
arable adj. mڸɸ
arbitrary adj. MģƵ
arbitrator n. ٲ
arbitration n. {(dio)ͣٲ
arboreal adj. 䗫;;ľ
archaic adj. Ŵϵģf^r
archetype adj. ԭͣ
и~R8
ƄиP(gun)Iźܶ˶@ӵɻǼɞ߀nj?䌍иҪ100(dng)ȻҪҪ뿼100߀ҪһɵġҲҪäĿĻȡø߷ֵĻ~R.UȞҪoՓ xZ߀njx_~R
Ҷf~ⲻ֪ⱳDzܿXӛ͕ʧMZfٰʽچ~ӛҲһӵֻв؏(f)҂~R⣬rgxҲǺv˯ǰһСrDZ~Srg(j)ƌW(xu)оf˵ӛ˯Ԅ(yu)̎ľǾx˯Ƕӛ@rgӛeЧʡڵڶ峿ُ(f)(x)һ
چ~xhͬW(xu)ʹÁyģ@ӱ^a(chn)ƣMʹ~Ķ^ĸl~R档ՓZƣعʶ֪@ӛ҂ӛҲ֮صľLjԳ־¾ǁŲ׃ֻҪܰӋԳʩÿŬ^һի@
и~R9
l(f)Ҫ
ҪJRnjxfӛסl(f)Ҏ(gu)t]P(gun)IҪW(xu)`҂ڿ~ĕr뵽mõʲôҎ(gu)t@}rԱ(x)T Nl(f)(x)TǿҎ(gu)tȥ
˿и ~Rx(dng)ȻҪҕ@HP(gun)ϵ~⣬߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_͕~r(yng)ԓM ʽϤ~Rγ X`HHҕXϵ@ӵԒ ~rͲҪȥ(yng)~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵˣ@ڃ(ni)ݷиԇfǷdzҪ
ƴҪ
mȻи ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕrgM˼~ߌŰl(f)F(xin)Լֻܶˆ~IJ벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰ
ӛ~ƴĕr߀ҪY(ji)x(j)(ji)ӛ~ц~ֳһСһС@ӲHʹӛ̣ι߀˽ĸͬMϵİl(f)(x)T(dng)ԇr~ͿԸ(j)xӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿF(xin)ĕrҵ(yng)Ϣ
и~R10
и~R˼~Rи~RÁGMAT~R^Ҳи~Rȥ˼͛]І}ˡ
˼~Rи~RҲкܶĽߵĽžӢZ~Rиƫ˼ƫ((jng)ɽֲʯʲô)(ʲôvʷ¼ʲôW(xu)Ʒ)߀ЌW(xu)g(sh)((jng)У@'D^̄(w)̎ʲô)
Ҫ˼ԒòҪи~R(zhn)и˼~R^(q)eķһDzҪôܶ~Rò˼ĺܶ~RиҲw˼и~R]ôyͨМ(zhn)һ¾Ͳ
ϾС˼~Rи~Rʲô^(q)e@}P(gun)Ľϣ@Щ܉߀ڼmY(ji)ǿ˼߀иͬW(xu)w˼ҪиЩǶ߶ҪͶrgȥ(f)(x)ףԸ㿼ԇ܉ͨ^
и~R11
abandonn. ;vt. z;ŗ
accumulatevt. evi. ۷e;e
adverseadj. ;෴;(~adverseness~adversely)
amazingadj. @ v. ʹ@(amazeingʽ)
approvevi. (zhn);ٝ;Mvt. (zhn);ٝ;顭ṩC(j)
assemblevt. ۼ;b;ռvi. ϣۼ
avidadj. ؝;ĵ
bartern.Q(mo);サQ; vt. ԡ齻Q; vi. M؛Q(mo);ӑr߀r
biographyn. ӛ;n;˺
bouldern. ʯAʯ;[
bulbn. 늟;[o;vi. o;Û
canv. _aux. ,n. ^,_
casualtyn. ¹;ˆT;\
chancen. C;\e;vt. żȻl(f);ðUvi. ;żȻl(f)F(xin)
civilianadj. õ;յģƽ.n. ƽ
conceivevt. ;(gu)˼;Ԟ;vi. ;O(sh);]
consecutiveadj. B؞;Bm(x)
conventionn. ;T;s;f(xi);(x)
crabn. зƢ;ؙCvt. Թ;Ɖ;ʹƫvi. з;l(f)};Թ
curriculumn.n
defendv.l(wi)(ҵ);oʹ
detectv.l(f)Xl(f)F(xin)z
disciplinen. W(xu);o(j);Ӗ(xn);Pvt. Ӗ(xn)Ӗ(xn)(do);ͽ
divertvt. D(zhun);ʹg;ʹD(zhun)vi. D(zhun)
dynamicadj. ӑB(ti);;W(xu);лn. ӑB(ti);
emanatevt. 䣬l(f)ɢvi. l(f);ɢl(f);l(f)Դ
и~R12
1. ˣW(xu)g(sh)͵иxF(xin)ľǸNƌW(xu)isterY(ji)βӶ
磺anthropologistarchaeologistpaleontologistzoologistgeographerastronomer
(W(xu)ңŌW(xu)W(xu)ңW(xu)W(xu)ңČW(xu))
@~RҟoӛסƴֻҪxгF(xin)ԱJ挦δ֪Č~rҪДǂW(xu)źMһ
2. |(zh)ò@иxW(xu)g(sh)бغܴhҌ~RMзe
磺volcanolayerconglomeratekarstporouspermeablemeteoroliteasteroid
ɽ()[r˹صò(ʯ?gu)rһN)(cˮ)ɝBEʯС
3. cB(ti)c͵P(gun)Ԓ}иxhČ
磺unpredictablevaryrange fromextinctionendangeredtropicaljungleequatorial
A(y)yģ׃(~)׃(~)^lΣᎧ
4. vʷţ@}Ƿˮ݆D(zhun)ČҲҪע⡣ǚvʷµĿdžμvǏĸкܶ.F(xin)ʽǹwǾvʷQ(mo)ͽͨ\ݔ?sh)İl(f)չǾǽ(jng)ʷȵ
relicsremainsmausoleumhandicraftcohesivenessterritorialcivilization
zEzEĹֹˇƷԣI(lng)
5. P(gun)I~@~ܲ@ۣǕӵĺxҪעČһЩзǰY~ǿ϶xһЩȫ]з~Yĸ~sĚ!
磺rarelymerelyundeniable
и~R13
һ.~
иZԇе~ڿԇʮҪ~ھпÁZeZZȵȣҾӵҪxͨ^~wF(xin)ܶrٲ˽ı_ԭǣ~ķeǡ(dng)?sh)ʹ?yng)~R_Լ挍˼Խhڂ俼ĕreһЩиZԇгõһЩ~Raccountadditionadvertisementȵ]xиZ~һق
.~
~x~ϵ~~B(ti)~ȿÁʾZĠB(ti)ҲÁʾZ^m(x)ֵһNrߑB(ti)ȣЩ~߀Á_ĸ(zhn)_ʹÄ~_Ե.Ŀܶ~mȻ_˼dz̶ȅsȫͬԿڿԇһҪǡ(dng)?sh)ʹ?yng)~RcиZԇгõĄ~鿴~
.~
~ҪÁ茑~ߴ~ʾ˻|(zh)B(ti)?q)~ZZaZߠZͨҪ~֮ǰҶ(sh)~б^ȼʹݵĕrҪ쾚~ı^׃Ҏ(gu)tеݵı^@~֮er@~֮estҪע@һcc˳õиZ~鿴~
.~
ӢZеĴ~Է֞˷Q~Iheȵ~~ָʾ~Ɇ~whowhomȵȡZeZZZҲÁ(do)ZľeZľͱZľǿиZԇн(jng)ʹô~`^(q)ܶڿԇĕrҕ~lD(zhun)QǴ~ڡԄeϲcָһڡ(sh)δcָһǡˆ}ȵȶ(do)³F(xin)e`ԿһҪע~ʹá
иZԇҪʹô~RƽrһҪעe(yng)}Mо(x)(yng)!
и~R14
ڳиĂ俼AΣźܶͬW(xu)оھW(wng)ռһЩ俼YϺиԇļͬr@^҂ҲǶܶĂ俼ɺͿԇC(jng)(dng)Ȼиԇ(f)(x)^У@Щ(ni)DZزٵ҂߀ҪѴңҪԼи俼A(ch)~RҪһh(hun)(ji)и~Rĭh(hun)(ji)҂߀עܶ༚(ji)Ҫc҂́һP(gun)עһ~RиԇжҪ
иԇ~RںܶиԇČW(xu)fҿDZ^ϲgһЩ߷ֿĂ俼(jng)J@ӿǕoԼٵ.俼(jng)@ֵѴҵľǣoՓӵļ~RA(ch)Ҫĭh(hun)(ji)oՓӵĸ߷ӺõĻA(ch)~RDZزٵă(ni)ݡJ鼼ɾǸ㶨иԇôСվԸVиĿԇY(ji)o㎧KʹĽӖ(xn)
ͬrڜ(zhn)и~R^Լ~RA(ch)λҲǷdzҪһ^ڂ俼и^ھW(wng)ϵһЩ俼ɺ͂俼(jng)ǽhҿԶTPOľ(x)}(dng)Ȼ@ӵĽhě]eģ҂߀Ǒ(yng)ԓԼĻA(ch)λڂ俼rW(xu)ӢZļ~R߀RRôRTPO}ĿǷdzyġҲf]~RĻA(ch)}Ŀfo
SF(xin)иgԽԽСܶгЌW(xu)_ʼиԇҲfڵI(lng)ĿfҪRиԇf~RҪȥ挦һЌW(xu)fڂ俼иĕrҪ挦и~RǸӢZ~+W(xu)ļ~+и~һЌW(xu)fҪ挦~R~RǷdzҲҪĕrg(zhn)
и~R15
sea
high seas, open sea h
ocean
inlet С
bay ,
gulf
cove
cape
promontory, headland ,
cliff ͱ
port, harbour (:harbor)
bay, roadstead ֲ̎
sandbank ɳ
beach, shore
strait {
isthmus ؍{
reef ʯ
key
sandbar ɳ
tide
wave
undertow ^
tempest L(fng)
ground swell ӿ
seaquake ,[
low water ˮλ
и~RP(gun)£
и~R07-14
A_^и~R10-29
иرl~R20006-28
2022иxP(gun)ĸl~R11-25
иibtиʲô^(q)e08-13
иxԇʽ ô俼иxԇ10-20
иZ(f)h08-05
иW(xu)(x)Ӌ11-03
ʲôиԇ 俼иԇ09-23
иӢZ 08-04